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The New York Times January 19, 2006 When Bad People Are Punished, Men Smile (but Women Don't) By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL ROME, Jan. 18 - In "Don Juan" Lord Byron wrote, "Sweet is revenge - especially to women." But a study released Wednesday, bolstered by magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers. In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they perceived as bad guys being zapped by a mild electrical shock, their M.R.I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains' empathy centers remained dull. Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they also said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still quietly glowed. The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know: that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge exacted. Men "expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satisfaction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment," said Dr. Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr. Singer said it had an important social function: "This type of behavior has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest." The study is part of a growing body of research that is attempting to better understand behavior and emotions by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a feat now attainable through imaging. "Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study," said Dr. Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper. Dr. Singer's team was simply trying to see if the study subjects' degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into sex differences. To cultivate personal likes and dislikes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play an elaborate money strategy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to "very much like" the partners who were cooperative, while disliking those who hoarded rewards, Dr. Stephan said. Effectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the pain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when the subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. "When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced," Dr. Stephan said. "The men had none at all." Furthermore, researchers found that the brain's pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishment was meted out. The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr. Singer said larger studies were needed to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that did not involve pain. Still, she added, "This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment."
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LF Flip Phillips "The Small Herds"
Brownian Motion replied to Jazztropic's topic in Offering and Looking For...
Halfcom has a copy for 20.00. Essential Keynote Collection 10: The Small... (CD, 1987) Primary Artist: Chubby Jackson/Harris/Brubeck Best Price: $20.00 List Price: $13.98 Wish List this product! Need help with this page? Very Good Help (2 in stock) Price Seller (Feedback) Comments Shipping Ships From $20.00 Buy! vinyl-on-main (1010Feedback is 1,000 to 4,999) 99% hard to find cd. Media Mail CT More info... $34.98 Buy! jazzrecordrevival (1755Feedback is 1,000 to 4,999) 100% VERY light scuffing to case. Disc is NM, clean and unmarked. Media Mail CO More info... * ML=ships from multiple locations, AE/AP/AA=ships from U.S. Military location. Other Editions About this Album Track Listing 1. Northwest Passage 2. Cryin' Sands 3. Cross Country 4. Characteristically, B. H. 5. Mean To Me 6. She's Funny That Way 7. Head Quarters 8. Head Hunters - (previously unreleased, alternate take) 9. Head Hunters 10. Sam's Caravan 11. Two Heads Are Better Than One - (previously unreleased, alternate take) 12. Two Heads Are Better Than One 13. Everything Happens To Me 14. Frustration - (previously unreleased, alternate take) 15. Frustration Details Producer: Harry Lim Distributor: Universal Distribution Recording Type: Studio Recording Mode: Mono SPAR Code: ADD Album Notes Full title: The Essential Keynote Collection 10: The Small Herds: Chubby Jackson & Bill Harris. Personnel: Chubby Jackson (bass), Bill Harris (trombone, vocals), Flip Phillips (tenor saxophone), Pete Candoli, Howard McGhee (trumpets), Ted Wheeler (flute), John La Porta, Salvatore Delegge (clarinets), Mickey Folus (bass clarinet), Ralph Burns, Tony Aless (pianos), George Barnes, Billy Bauer (guitars), Arnold Fishkin (bass), Barrett Deems, Alvin Burroughs, Dave Tough, Shelly Manne (drums). This collection contains tracks from Chubby Jackson and His Orchestra (New York, January 10, 1945), Bill Harris and His Septet (Chicago, April 5, 1945), Chubby Jackson's Rhythm (New York, November 29, 1945), and Bill Harris and His New Music (Chicago, May 6, 1946). -
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Emily Remler's Snakeskin Boots On ebay
Brownian Motion posted a topic in Offering and Looking For...
http://tinyurl.com/dkz2m How creepy. -
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