2007 CFL season

[GA Russell]

Training camps start next week, so let's start a new thread about the season.

Here are two good pre-season previews of the league that were in the Winnipeg Sun today:

EAST:

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/New...214374-sun.html

WEST:

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/New...214383-sun.html

[GA Russell]

The pre-season has begun.

The Argos beat the Als 27-13, with Michael Bishop looking good.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

[GA Russell]

The league has jettisoned the ball it used last year, and has returned to the old ball.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Cal...253967-sun.html

*****

Here's a copy of the schedule, times listed eastern:

B 2 Thu Jun 14 Hamilton 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 - 0

B 3 Fri Jun 15 Edmonton 0 Calgary 0 09:30 - 0

B 4 Fri Jun 15 Saskatchewan 0 BC 0 10:30 - 0

C 5 Thu Jun 21 Toronto 0 Montreal 0 07:00 - 0

C 6 Thu Jun 21 BC 0 Edmonton 0 09:00 - 0

C 7 Fri Jun 22 Winnipeg 0 Hamilton 0 07:00 - 0

C 8 Fri Jun 22 Calgary 0 Saskatchewan 0 09:00 - 0

1 9 Thu Jun 28 BC 0 Toronto 0 06:30 TSN 0

1 10 Thu Jun 28 Winnipeg 0 Edmonton 0 09:30 TSN 0

1 11 Fri Jun 29 Saskatchewan 0 Montreal 0 07:30 TSN / RDS 0

1 12 Sat Jun 30 Hamilton 0 Calgary 0 10:00 CBC 0

2 13 Thu Jul 05 Montreal 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 TSN / RDS 0

2 14 Fri Jul 06 Edmonton 0 BC 0 10:30 TSN 0

2 15 Sat Jul 07 Toronto 0 Hamilton 0 07:00 CBC 0

2 16 Sun Jul 08 Calgary 0 Saskatchewan 0 07:00 TSN 0

3 17 Thu Jul 12 Calgary 0 Toronto 0 07:00 TSN 0

3 18 Fri Jul 13 Edmonton 0 Winnipeg 0 07:00 TSN 0

3 19 Fri Jul 13 BC 0 Saskatchewan 0 10:00 TSN 0

3 20 Sat Jul 14 Montreal 0 Hamilton 0 07:00 TSN / RDS 0

4 21 Thu Jul 19 Winnipeg 0 Montreal 0 07:30 TSN / RDS 0

4 22 Thu Jul 19 Hamilton 0 BC 0 10:30 TSN 0

4 23 Fri Jul 20 Saskatchewan 0 Edmonton 0 09:00 TSN 0

4 24 Sat Jul 21 Toronto 0 Calgary 0 07:00 CBC 0

5 25 Thu Jul 26 Montreal 0 Toronto 0 07:00 TSN / RDS 0

5 26 Fri Jul 27 Hamilton 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 TSN 0

5 27 Sat Jul 28 Edmonton 0 Saskatchewan 0 03:30 TSN 0

5 28 Sat Jul 28 BC 0 Calgary 0 07:00 CBC 0

6 29 Thu Aug 02 Toronto 0 Montreal 0 07:30 TSN / RDS 0

6 30 Thu Aug 02 Saskatchewan 0 BC 0 10:30 TSN 0

6 31 Fri Aug 03 Winnipeg 0 Hamilton 0 07:30 TSN 0

6 32 Sat Aug 04 Calgary 0 Edmonton 0 07:00 CBC 0

7 33 Thu Aug 09 Calgary 0 Montreal 0 07:30 TSN / RDS 0

7 34 Fri Aug 10 Saskatchewan 0 Toronto 0 07:30 TSN 0

7 35 Fri Aug 10 Winnipeg 0 BC 0 10:30 TSN 0

7 36 Sat Aug 11 Hamilton 0 Edmonton 0 09:30 CBC 0

8 37 Fri Aug 17 BC 0 Calgary 0 10:00 TSN 0

8 38 Sat Aug 18 Edmonton 0 Saskatchewan 0 10:00 CBC 0

9 39 Fri Aug 24 Toronto 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 TSN 0

9 40 Sat Aug 25 Hamilton 0 Montreal 0 07:00 CBC / RDS 0

10 41 Fri Aug 31 Montreal 0 BC 0 10:30 TSN / RDS 0

10 42 Sun Sep 02 Winnipeg 0 Saskatchewan 0 04:00 TSN 0

10 43 Mon Sep 03 Toronto 0 Hamilton 0 01:00 CBC 0

10 44 Mon Sep 03 Edmonton 0 Calgary 0 04:00 CBC 0

11 45 Fri Sep 07 Calgary 0 Edmonton 0 09:00 TSN 0

11 46 Sat Sep 08 Hamilton 0 Toronto 0 03:00 CBC 0

11 47 Sun Sep 09 BC 0 Montreal 0 01:00 TSN / RDS 0

11 48 Sun Sep 09 Saskatchewan 0 Winnipeg 0 04:00 TSN 0

12 49 Fri Sep 14 Montreal 0 Edmonton 0 09:00 TSN / RDS 0

12 50 Sat Sep 15 Saskatchewan 0 Calgary 0 04:00 TSN 0

12 51 Sat Sep 15 Winnipeg 0 Hamilton 0 07:00 TSN 0

12 52 Sat Sep 15 Toronto 0 BC 0 10:00 CBC 0

13 53 Fri Sep 21 Calgary 0 Hamilton 0 07:30 TSN 0

13 54 Sat Sep 22 BC 0 Saskatchewan 0 07:00 CBC 0

13 55 Sun Sep 23 Edmonton 0 Montreal 0 01:00 TSN / RDS 0

13 56 Sun Sep 23 Winnipeg 0 Toronto 0 04:00 TSN 0

14 57 Fri Sep 28 Toronto 0 Edmonton 0 09:00 TSN 0

14 58 Sat Sep 29 Montreal 0 Saskatchewan 0 03:00 CBC 0

14 59 Sat Sep 29 Hamilton 0 Winnipeg 0 07:00 CBC 0

14 60 Sat Sep 29 Calgary 0 BC 0 10:00 CBC 0

15 61 Fri Oct 05 BC 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 TSN 0

15 62 Sat Oct 06 Edmonton 0 Toronto 0 03:00 TSN 0

15 63 Mon Oct 08 Hamilton 0 Montreal 0 01:00 CBC / RDS 0

15 64 Mon Oct 08 Saskatchewan 0 Calgary 0 04:00 CBC 0

16 65 Fri Oct 12 Montreal 0 Toronto 0 07:30 TSN / RDS 0

16 66 Sat Oct 13 BC 0 Edmonton 0 03:00 CBC 0

16 67 Sun Oct 14 Saskatchewan 0 Hamilton 0 01:00 TSN 0

16 68 Sun Oct 14 Winnipeg 0 Calgary 0 04:00 TSN 0

17 69 Fri Oct 19 Calgary 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 TSN 0

17 70 Sat Oct 20 Toronto 0 Montreal 0 03:00 CBC / RDS 0

17 71 Sat Oct 20 Edmonton 0 BC 0 10:00 TSN 0

17 72 Sun Oct 21 Hamilton 0 Saskatchewan 0 03:00 TSN 0

18 73 Fri Oct 26 BC 0 Hamilton 0 06:30 TSN 0

18 74 Fri Oct 26 Saskatchewan 0 Edmonton 0 09:30 TSN 0

18 75 Sat Oct 27 Winnipeg 0 Toronto 0 03:00 CBC 0

18 76 Sat Oct 27 Montreal 0 Calgary 0 07:00 TSN 0

19 77 Fri Nov 02 Montreal 0 Winnipeg 0 08:00 TSN / RDS 0

19 78 Sat Nov 03 Toronto 0 Saskatchewan 0 04:00 CBC 0

19 79 Sat Nov 03 Edmonton 0 Hamilton 0 07:00 TSN 0

19 80 Sat Nov 03 Calgary 0 BC 0 10:00 TSN 0

Scotiabank East Semi-Final

P1 81 Sun Nov 11 N/A 0 N/A 0 - 0

Scotiabank West Semi-Final

P1 82 Sun Nov 11 N/A 0 N/A 0 - 0

Scotiabank East Championship

P2 83 Sun Nov 18 N/A 0 N/A 0 - 0

Scotiabank West Championship

P2 84 Sun Nov 18 N/A 0 N/A 0 - 0

Grey Cup

GC 85 Sun Nov 25 N/A 0 N/A 0 - 0

[GA Russell]

Ticats over Bombers 35-23.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Gam...4261924-cp.html

You're not going to believe this, but I stumbled upon CHML and the game while in my car tonight. I had no idea that CHML could under any circumstances reach North Carolina.

Former Tulane star QB Shawn King started for the Ticats. Young QB Tim Chang had a better game. Former Georgia star receiver Terrence Edwards has joined the Bombers and had a good game.

Both teams left their best players home.

The same teams play again next week in Hamilton.

[GA Russell]

Roughriders over Lions 24-15

I listened to the first half of this game on the internet. Sask's Andy Fantuz had a good game. I still don't like Sask's quarterbacks.

Sask's Yo Murphy announced this week that this will be his last year.

The announcer said that BC feels that backup Buck Pierce is the league's fourth best QB.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Gam...4264998-cp.html

*****

Stamps over Esks 28-3

Akili Smith looked good for Calgary.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Gam...4265068-cp.html

[GA Russell]

The Ticats released both Rob Hitchcock and Mike Morreale today. The club offered both front-office positions. Both want time to think it over.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Ham...4273022-cp.html

Speaking of front office positions, I speculated in the Hot Stove League thread that Ron Lancaster would be the analyst for the Ticats radio games. But I guess not. When I heard the game in my car the other night, I immediately recognized the voice of Coach Sal doing the commentary.

The Ticats' new play-by-play announcer is I'm pretty sure the guy who used to be the Als' sideline reporter. I forget his name at the moment. Maybe he had a connection with the Ticats new GM, who also came over from Montreal.

[GA Russell]

The Bombers gave up on former Heisman runner-up Brad Banks today. They traded him to the Als for another QB former NFL bench warmer Kliff Kingsbury.

Banks started for the Bombers last week and stunk.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Win...263305-sun.html

[GA Russell]

Als over Argos 34-26.

Former NFLer Mike McMahon had a good game at QB for the Argos.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

The Eskimos lead the Lions 10-9 at the half.

*****

Final: Eskimos 18....BC 12

Defending Grey Cup champ BC lost both of its pre-season games.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...ory/GlobeSports

Edited June 22, 2007 by GA Russell

[GA Russell]

Ticats over Bombers 24-20.

Hallelujah! Jason Maas looked healthy and had a good game.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

*****

The Blue Bombers moved closer to selling the team to David Asper today.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

I'm surprised, because the team doesn't need the money, from what I've read.

*****

Roughriders over Stampeders 23-21

The Sask quarterbacks were again unimpressive.

Akili Smith had another good outing for the Stamps, but Henry Burris remains their starting QB.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Gam...4283502-cp.html

*****

The Eskimos cut Josh Ranek today. So who will be their running back this year?

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Edm...4282547-cp.html

*****

The Als cut Donnovan Carter and Keith Stokes.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

*****

I love the week leading up to the CFL's Opening Night. Many of the papers publish pre-season previews. I'll post links to all that I find.

[GA Russell]

The Eskimos cut Mookie Mitchell.

The Argos put Eric Crouch on the nine-week injured list.

The Stampeders sent Coby Rhinehart to the Als for future considerations. They also sent RB Wes Cates to Sask for Rob Lazeo.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

[GA Russell]

A lot has happened while the board was down.

I'll first list some pre-season analyses before they disappear:

Montreal Alouettes

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086881.htm

Toronto Argonauts

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086872.htm

Hamilton Tiger-Cats

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086895.htm

Winnipeg Blue Bombers

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086858.htm

Saskatchewan Roughriders

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086894.htm

Calgary Stampeders

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086886.htm

Edmonton Eskimos

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086890.htm

British Columbia Lions

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/sto...ory/GlobeSports

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4086877.htm

The Globe's picks for the final standings. Winnipeg is picked both first and last!

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

[GA Russell]

Here are the game summaries for Week 1:

British Columbia Lions 24....Toronto Argonauts 22

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4087280.htm

Edmonton Eskimos 39....Winnipeg Blue Bombers 39

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4087338.htm

Saskatchewan Roughriders 16....Montreal Alouettes 7

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4087702.htm

Calgary Stampeders 37....Hamilton Tiger-Cats 9

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4087849.htm

*****

Two updates from the Hot Stove League thread:

I said then that I have no faith in Jim Popp as Montreal's head coach. He is a career personnel guy, with no coaching experience except when he has appointed himself. The Als' offense stunk against the Riders. They didn't score anything. The Riders conceded three safety touches and a single point on a missed field goal. So if something doesn't happen soon, Popp may be gone very quickly as the head coach. The Montreal fans won't have patience, and I don't think Larry Smith will either.

Do you remember that when I met Bob Young, the owner of the Ticats, I asked him how he could trade DJ Flick for Rocky Butler? The Ticats released Butler last week. The Sask announcers were talking about what a steal that deal was.

PS - I have to wonder how much longer Sean Fleming and Troy Westwood are for this league. I don't think they can be counted on anymore.

Edited July 2, 2007 by GA Russell

[GA Russell]

Pinball Clemons is signing old friends.

Noel Prefontaine was injured in the game Thursday. To replace him temporarily, the Argos have signed retired NFL kicker Steve Christie. Christie was a college teammate of Clemons at William & Mary. He played fifteen years in the NFL, the last in 2004.

The Argos also signed Mookie Mitchell, who was cut by the Eskimos last week. I like Mitchell, but I don't expect him to have much left.

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

[GA Russell]

The league now has only two players left who played for the American teams in the 90s - Damon Allen (Memphis Mad Dogs) and Anthony Calvillo (Las Vegas Posse).

Of course Joe Horn (also Memphis) is still in the NFL.

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/New...308886-sun.html

[John Tapscott]

The league now has only two players left who played for the American teams in the 90s - Damon Allen (Memphis Mad Dogs) and Anthony Calvillo (Las Vegas Posse).

The Argos announced that the 43 year-old (or is it 44?) Damon Allen will be 3rd string this week, behind starter Michael Bishop and back-up Mike McMahon as the Argos play the Ti-Cats. 'Bout time IMHO. Allen is now too slow to avoid the pass rush, and he can't throw the ball deep anymore. Every move he makes seems to be in slow motion. Last week the Argos gave up five sacks when Allen was at QB and I don't recall that Bishop was sacked at all. Even if Bishop isn't the answer, it's time for Damon to gracefully retire.

[GA Russell]

John, David Naylor of the Globe has written a column discussing your point:

http://www.globesports.com/servlet/story/R...tsFootball/home

[GA Russell]

PS - I have to wonder how much longer Sean Fleming and Troy Westwood are for this league. I don't think they can be counted on anymore.

Here's an article from today's Winnipeg Sun about Westwood's status:

http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Football/CFL/Win...311941-sun.html

[GA Russell]

Week 2 picks:

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4088732.htm

[Brownian Motion]

Return to regular web page

Detroit News Online

July 6, 2007

Scientist's lab work probed

State weighs legality of using forensics lab to test spouse's underwear for DNA of another woman.

Kathy Barks Hoffman / Associated Press

LANSING -- A state forensics scientist who said she tested her husband's underwear for DNA to find out if he was having sex with another woman is being investigated to determine if she violated policies banning the use of state equipment for personal reasons.

Ann Chamberlain-Gordon of Okemos testified in a March 7 divorce hearing that she ran the test last September on the underwear of Charles Gordon Jr. Asked by his attorney what she found, she answered, "Another female. It wasn't me."

She also said during a May 25 hearing in Ingham County Family Court that she ran the test on her own time with expired chemicals that were set to be thrown away.

The Michigan State Police, which oversees the Lansing forensics laboratory where Chamberlain-Gordon works, is conducting an internal investigation. It expects to decide by next week if disciplinary action should be taken.

"We don't know exactly what was or wasn't done," State Police spokeswoman Shanon Akans said Tuesday. "We haven't completed our investigation."

A request for comment was left Tuesday with Chamberlain-Gordon. She has not had her duties restricted during the investigation, Akans said.

The DNA test came to light after Charles Gordon's Lansing attorney, Michael Maddaloni, sent a letter to the State Police and some media outlets questioning how many times DNA tests have been improperly run.

Maddaloni said Tuesday that Gordon -- who court records show was a former Canadian Football League player -- disputed his wife's testimony that he acknowledged a sexual encounter with another woman after she found the female DNA on his underwear.

Gordon, a defensive back, played with the CFL from the early 1990s through 1997.

Chamberlain-Gordon received the inaugural award for Outstanding Contribution to the Michigan State Police Biological Services in 2006 for her research and method development in embryonic/fetal DNA recovery, according to Forensic Science Consultants Inc., which lists her among the forensic scientists it employs.

According to information on the Williamston company's Web site, Chamberlain-Gordon has worked for the State Police as a forensic scientist since 1999 and was interim supervisor of the biology unit in 2005. She has given expert witness testimony in more than 50 cases, including in last year's trial involving the death of 7-year-old Ricky Holland.

State Police policies dealing with the care and use of property state that "department supplies, materials or equipment shall not be used for any non-duty or non-department purpose."

Akans said she didn't know yet whether Chamberlain-Gordon had used state equipment. She added that State Police managers think they have strong policies in place to keep forensic labs secure, but said changes might be made once the investigation into Chamberlain-Gordon is complete.

"The integrity of the lab means so much," she said. "We'll be looking at that and seeing if there aren't places to strengthen."

Return to regular web page

[B. Clugston]

The league now has only two players left who played for the American teams in the 90s - Damon Allen (Memphis Mad Dogs) and Anthony Calvillo (Las Vegas Posse).

The Argos announced that the 43 year-old (or is it 44?) Damon Allen will be 3rd string this week, behind starter Michael Bishop and back-up Mike McMahon as the Argos play the Ti-Cats. 'Bout time IMHO. Allen is now too slow to avoid the pass rush, and he can't throw the ball deep anymore. Every move he makes seems to be in slow motion. Last week the Argos gave up five sacks when Allen was at QB and I don't recall that Bishop was sacked at all. Even if Bishop isn't the answer, it's time for Damon to gracefully retire.

Damon Allen is a grandfather. Great career, but he's no longer starter calibre.

[GA Russell]

Thanks for that Brownian! I had read a little something about that, but hadn't seen anything about the CFL tie-in, so that makes it interesting.

I can't say for sure that I remember Charles Gordon. Sort of rings a bell. Does anybody here remember him? My CFL encyclopedia says that he played for Ottawa 1991-93, BC 1994-95 and Montreal 1996-97. Total interceptions 35, for 590 yards and 6 touchdowns.

*****

BClugston, I believe that Damon is the first CFL grandfather since Tommy Joe Coffey of the Ticats in the early 70s. Is anybody else here old enough to remember him?

[GA Russell]

Week 2:

Winnipeg Blue Bombers 32....Montreal Alouettes 23

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4088823.htm

I listened to this one on the internet Thursday night.

Charles Roberts scored 4 TDs last week, but he didn't do anything this week. They hardly ever gave him the ball.

Last week Milt Stegall tied George Reed's and Mike Pringle's record for career TDs, so everyone in the house expected Stegall to get the ball and break the record in the home opener. The Als double covered Stegall well and shut him down. Unfortunately for the Als, double teaming Stegall left Terrence Edwards, Jamie Stoddard and Chris Brazell open all night.

It looks like the Bombers' picking up Terrence Edwards in the off-season as a free agent is going to be a huge plus for them.

The Als looked like world beaters in the first quarter, and led 13-0 after one. But they did nothing in the second and third quarters, and settled for field goals in the fourth.

I realized late last season that Kevin Glenn is much younger than I realized. He is now 28. This reminds me of Anthony Calvillo, who was a starter for Las Vegas at age 22, and spent years in the league before he developed into the top flight QB he is today. Maybe now after all these years Glenn is just now coming into his own.

Troy Westwood didn't play. The Bombers picked up young Rob Pikula from the Lions last week. He both punted and place-kicked, and didn't look very good doing either. At least he didn't miss a convert!

British Columbia Lions 29....Edmonton Eskimos 9

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4089090.htm

Toronto Argonauts 30....Hamilton Tiger-Cats 5

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4089257.htm

Tonight:

Calgary at Saskatchewan

[GA Russell]

Saskatchewan Roughriders 49....Calgary Stampeders 8

http://sports.canada.com/default.asp?c=can.../AJN4089438.htm

I listened to this one too. It featured a match-up between what I consider the two most over-rated players in the league - Kerry Joseph and Henry Burris (I was extremely surprised when the players union voted Burris the best QB in the league last year.)

DJ Flick had a good game, catching two TD passes. Considering the way the Ticats have been shellacked both weeks this season, I have to think that Flick is glad to be out of there.

The score was 8-7 Stamps after one, but after that it was all Riders. Most notably, the Riders capitalized on, and scored on, just about every mistake the Stamps made. That's a mark of a good team.

The Riders have looked very good both games so far, but they play the Lions on Friday, so that will give us a better picture of how good they really are.

[GA Russell]

The Globe is now posting on its website each team's stats!

Here is the link to the Argo stats. From there you can go to each other team.

http://stats.globesports.com/cfl/teamstats.asp?team=5615

[GA Russell]

I haven't verified all of these yet this season, but to the best of my knowledge these are the websites of the flagship stations of the radio networks of each of the eight teams.

In all cases you can listen to the broadcasts of the games. You will need to first download Windows Media Player (it's free) if you haven't already done so.

CJAD Montreal

http://www.cjad.com/

The Fan 590 Toronto

http://www.fan590.com/

CHML Hamilton

http://www.900chml.com/

CJOB Winnipeg

http://www.cjob.com/

CKRM Regina

http://www.620ckrm.com/

CHQR Calgary

http://www.am770chqr.com/home/index.cfm

CHED Edmonton

http://www.630ched.com/

The Team 1040 Vancouver

http://www.team1040.ca/

edit to correct the Vancouver station as per B. Clugston's suggestion.

Edited July 23, 2007 by GA Russell