AllenLowe

I've been told I have a large head - and my birth certificate says "Roswell, New Mexico" -

yes, it's always good to waste bandwith for educational purposes -

at the risk of suffering the wrath of those who are gathered here, I have to admit I don't mind Lonehill and Fresh Sound as long as they do a decent mastering (or copying) job - the truth is that, without bootleggers, we would have about half the picture we now have of jazz history. I do have a problem when specific projects are copied (like a Mosaic box) but when otherwise unavailable recordings are made available than it's all to the good - expcially since I'd be willing to bet that the majors are paying nothing in royalties to artists and their estates anyway - I will not buy anything from Proper because their mastering is despicable, and their are more and more small lables confusing distortion with clean sound -

actually, what I really do is put them in a big pile in the middle of a room, set fire to them, and than dance in a naked circle around the flames - this way I don't have to pay mechanicals -

I buy them and than re-sell them in school yards to minors -

hey Chuck - was it a flat screen?

I think you mean the s/m ratio -

or her -

try this -

and you don't want to miss this: Digital Signal Processing Hearing Aids Background Researchers have been intrigued by the promise of digital hearing aids for many years. The things that can be done with digital signal processing are truly astounding, and the techniques are used for everything from finding enemy submarines to creating the latest hit recording. The main problem in using digital signal processing for hearing aids has been the size of the processors and the large amount of power used. Around 1989, an unsuccessful attempt was made to market a digital hearing aid that required a large signal processor and battery pack attached to the user's belt. Even though it had significant signal processing advantages over other hearing aids on the market at that time, it was not commercially successful. People just would not tolerate the inconvenience of the large size. Other uses of digital techniques in hearing aids include digital control of analog circuits, allowing multiple channels, control of gain by ambient noise, and remote controls. About three years ago, two companies, Widex and Oticon, introduced true digital signal processing hearing aids that can be worn in the ear just like regular hearing aids. The Widex Senso™ can be purchased now in completely in-the-canal (CIC), canal (ITC), half-shell (HS), full shell (ITE), and behind the ear (BTE) packages. The Oticon DigiFocus™ is available in BTE, ITE, and ITC packages. Now true digital signal processing hearing aids are available from more than a half dozen companies with a variety of case styles and circuit features. The Widex Breakthrough The Widex researchers developed a digital signal processing integrated circuit that uses very little battery power and is totally digital, with no analog circuits. The circuit samples the raw output of the microphone at a million samples per second and then processes those samples 32 thousand times a second in three separate frequency bands. The digital signal processor statistically analyses the signals to automatically regulate each channel to maximize the user's listening experience. The system compensates in each of the channels for the differences in loudness perception, known as "recruitment," experienced by most hearing impaired people ("I can't hear you ... stop shouting"). This loudness mapping involves a large number of compressors and varying time windows to avoid any sudden audible changes or distortion. After the signal processing is complete, the circuits convert the 20 bit wide data stream into a single pulse, direction-coded (+ or -) signal that is presented directly to the output transducer without any digital to analog conversion. The noise frequencies are above 200 k Hertz and are ignored by the output transducer. Widex also found through statistical analysis of the various frequency bands, that it was possible to detect how much speech and how much noise was present in a particular frequency band. This gave them the possibility of enhancing speech in noise. Widex Senso™ The resulting hearing aid will run for about 165 hours on a single battery. It makes 40 million calculations per second; it automatically controls acoustic feedback; and it has automatic volume adjustment and recruitment compensation Widex models 3"pict Widex Senso™ Models The fitting process requires the use of a fairly large soundproof room (such as is found at The Hearing and Speech Center) to adjust the circuitry to the user's ear and to the exact hearing aid shape. This allows the hearing aid to be part of the hearing test process, compensating for ear canal resonances due to different ear shapes. The Senso™ can also detect feedback caused by changes in the ear canal shape and correct its signal to reduce or eliminate the problem. The Senso™ BTE and ITE models offer two microphones for increased directionality, as an option. The signals from the two microphones are processed in the dsp chip to enhance the sounds coming from the front. This similar to the Phonak AudioZoom™ hearing aids, except that in the case of the Senso™, the effect is not switchable, that is, you cannot turn the effect off in the directional Senso™ model. The Senso™ BTE is also available in a high power model for extremely hard of hearing people. The Senso™ hearing aid has been entered into a study similar to the one run on the Phonak "Audio Zoom" hearing aid. The results of the study should confirm the preliminary data that shows that the Senso™ digital hearing aid can significantly improve the signal to noise ratio for many listeners. The Senso™ aid has no audible microphone or amplifier noise, and uses a high sampling frequency. The digital signal processor is designed to reduce steady state noises such as air conditioners, cafeteria "babble", engines, and road noises. One user reported that the background noise of the airplane he was riding in almost completely disappeared (which gave him quite a scare) when the signal processor circuit turned on. Oticon DigiFocus™ The DigiFocus™ aid is very similar to Oticon's MultiFocus™ hearing aid, substituting digital signal processing for the analog circuits in their older aid. Digitized input signals, sampled at about 16 kHz, are divided into seven frequency bands from 125 to 6000 Hz, where circuits apply frequency shaping to match the users ears. The signals are then sent to two digital signal processors, one for high frequencies and the other for low frequencies. This allows the hearing aid to apply different compression and amplification parameters to the signals, using syllabic compression at the low frequencies and adaptive gain at the high frequencies. The analog Oticon MultiFocus™ has been on the market for many years and has been shown, (in clinical studies using subjects with mild, moderate and severe hearing losses) to improve speech audibility in quiet conditions, to cause less annoyance from unwanted environmental sounds (like newspapers rustling), to have less likelihood of acoustical feedback, and to have higher overall user preference than the other analog hearing aids used in the studies. Oticon has recently introduced the DigiFocus SKI circuit designed to handle steep hearing losses (those with amplitude/frequency slopes exceeding 25 dB/octave). Micro-Tech, Philips, (and Lori and Telex) Micro-Tech and Philips joined forces and developed new digital signal processing (dsp) hearing aids based on an "Open Architecture" dsp chip that allows each of them to use their own software in the processors. They also jointly developed a remote control to use with their hearing aids. These dsp hearing aids are on the market now, and are available in three case styles, BTE, ITE, and ITC. These aids have the ability to have four different listening programs (such as: quiet, crowd noise, concert hall, etc.), which can be changed from the remote control. These brands of dsp hearing aids offer the possibility that the software could be "upgraded" as technology improves in the coming years. This might be useful in repairing software errors and for adding different listening programs. Recently, Lori and Telex have joined the Micro-Tech and Philips team to offer the Open Architecture dsp hearing aids as well. Bernafon-Maico Bernafon-Maico has a dsp hearing aid that has two channels and a volume control. The two channels allow the aid to process the high and low frequencies independently. The volume control is a knob on the case that allows the user a 25dB range of control. This volume control is not available on the CIC case style. Siemens Prisma The Siemens Prisma dsp hearing aid is a four channel circuit that allows the audiologist a tremendous range in fitting control. The overall circuit contains a preamplifier with high level compression followed by a 23 bit analog-to-digital converter that yields a 138dB dynamic range. The digital signal processor chip operates at 150 million operations per second and is followed by an all-digital output stage to drive the output transducer (loud speaker) directly. The four channels can use different compression algorithms to chose the temporal, frequency and amplitude characteristics to best suit your hearing loss. The channels can be cross coupled to allow the detection of speech information in the higher frequency channels to lower the volume in the lower frequency channels to reduce low frequency masking of the speech. The Prisma offers two microphones (TwinMic™) to give directional listening in the BTE and ITE case styles. The Prisma also has two programs that can be selected by push button in all case styles except the CIC. The two programs allow the listener to switch between two different listening environments, such as speech versus music, or perhaps quiet conversation versus noisy environment. ReSound digital 5000 The ReSound digital 5000 is a true digital signal processing hearing aid that uses the Fast Fourier Transform to process multiple overlapping segments of the signal using a 14 band compression scheme. The processor detects the presence of noise in each of the 14 bands (by measuring dynamic ratios) and applies noise attenuation in bands where noise is present, preserving the speech information in the other bands. The ReSound digital 5000 also uses dual microphones to provide improved signal to noise ratios for subjects in front of the listener, and has an active feedback reduction system to help reduce feedback. See the detailed article on the ReSound digital 5000. In 2001, ReSound introduced the Canta7 digital signal processing hearing aid, which uses some of the ideas first introduced in the digital 5000, but adds many new ideas and refinements. And in 2003, the digital 5000 has been discontinued. Sonic Innovations Natura and Natura 2SE The Natura digital signal processing hearing aid was first introduced in the fall of 1998, and has been an immediate success. The first models introduced were the nearly invisible Completely in the Canal (CIC) and the In the Canal (ITC). Although these are the models that many people prefer, it hampered demonstrating the instrument since you had to get a custom hearing aid manufactured for your ear before you could properly listen to it. Sonic Innovations released their Behind the Ear (BTE) model in 1999, and now we can offer you free demonstrations without waiting. Read more in the detailed articles on the Natura. Phonak Claro™ The Phonak Corporation has a new digital signal processing hearing aid that incorporates 20 channels of noise reduction and signal shaping. It's Digital Perception Processing™ circuits are based on psychoacoustic models of the ear. Read the detailed article for more information elsewhere in the section. AHS has announced the availability of true digital hearing aids, and there will be more new aids on the market tomorrow. Some of these are repackaging of aids that are already on the market, such as the new offerings by Lori and Telex of the aids brought out by Philips and Micro-Tech, but this does not mean they should be ignored. Some of the "me-too" aids may have lower prices or more case styles. Starkey Aries The Starkey Aries is a nine channel hearing instrument that features a very small digital signal processing circuit. The Aries is one of the smallest hearing aids available, and should be considered if your ears are too small for other completely-in-the-canal hearing aids. Even the behind-the-ear case style is dramatically smaller than usual. Each of the nine channels is adjusted to match your hearing loss, both for amplitude and compression, yielding an instrument that sounds quiet but sends speech through clearly. The Aries features adjustable expansion to prevent over amplification of low level environmental sounds and microphone noise. This applies maximum gain to speech sounds and increasingly less gain to lower level sounds. This can be adjusted in each of the nine frequency bands. Long time hearing aid wearers sometimes object to the lack of distortion and noise in the environment that they remember from their old aids, but they usually can hear and understand much better with these aids. Availability All of the dsp aids mentioned in this article are available now. Not all audiologists will stock all of these aids because of the similarities between them. The Hearing and Speech Center has a variety of demo aids from a representative sample of these companies so you can compare how they sound for you. However, we can fit you with any of these aids if desired. Typically, the audiologist will test you and discuss your hearing needs and then demonstrate the hearing aid that best meets your requirements. Testimonial One user finds the Widex Senso™ aids to be useful on a fishing trip!

or maybe this: Signal, Noise and Detection O.Hainaut (ohainaut@eso.org) URL: http://www.sc.eso.org/~ohainaut/ccd/sn.html This short document discusses the concept of Signal, Noise, Signal/Noise ratio, and their practical application in astronomy. 1.- Signal The Signal (S) is the number of photons detected from a source. In practice, we don't detect all the photons that arrive on the detector, only a fraction of them are converted to electrons and detected (the ratio electron/photon is the quantum efficiency; it is typically 50-85% for a CCD). So, in what follows, we will work only in electrons. The total signal S is related to the number of electrons we get per seconds, s [e-/s] (the [] marks the units and/or dimensions) and the total exposure time, t : S = s . t [e]. In many cases, the total exposure time t is split in various exposures. To keep the "infrared" notation, t = NDIT . DIT where NDIT is the number of exposures and DIT is the individual exposure times. So, S = s . NDIT . DIT 2.- Noise The Noise (N) is the total random contribution from various sources that affect the measurement of the signal. Also measured in [e]. We will see after that there are various sources of noises and that they behave differently. The noise is basically the error on the flux measured: S +/- N, like, 1532 +/- 231 electrons, or 123+/- 14 mJy. 3.- Signal-to-Noise Ratio The Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR, S/N, measures how well an object is measured. Typical values: * S/N = 2-3: object barely detected * S/N = 5: object detected, one can really start to beleive what one sees * S/N = 10: we can stat to do measurements * S/N = 100: excellent measurment. As N is the error on the measurement, 1 / (S/N ) is the relative error on the measurement: * S/N = 100: measurement at 1% * S/N = 10: at 10% * S/N = 5 : at 20% (+/- 20%) * S/N = 2: +/- 50% ! Important remark about the flux/magnitude conversion: by definition, Mag = -2.5 log ( S ), (to which one has to add a series of magic constants to take into account the conversion of units, correction for extinctions, etc... That is another story. As these are constants, they don't affect what follows). As we have an error N on the Signal, the error on the magnidude would be obtained from dMag = -2.5 log ( S ) + 2.5 log ( S + N ) = 2.5 log ( (S+N) / S ) = 2.5 log ( 1 + N/S). Here comes the "magic": * S/N = 100: measurement at 1%, error on magnitude = -2.5 log (1.01) = 0.0108 ~= 0.01 mag * S/N = 10: at 10%, error on mag = -2.5 log (1.1) = 0.103 ~ 0.1 mag * S/N = 5 : at 20% (+/- 20%); error on mag = -2.5 log (1.2 ) = 0.198 ~ 0.2 mag Error on Mag ~ 1/ (S/N) 4.- Noises Various noises are considered: 4.1. Shot Noise Every time we deal with a source of photons arriving at random, the noise assiciated with that randomness is N = sqrt( n ) Where n is the number of photons. As we work in electrons, same thing, with n in electrons. This applies to two sources of noises: Object noise, associated to the number of electrons from the object itself: N_object = sqrt (n_object) By definition of S = s . t, the signal: N_object = sqrt( S ) = sqrt ( s . t ) = sqrt ( s . NDIT . DIT ) Sky Noise: This also applies to the sky: when we measure the object, we have to measure the sky "under" the object at the same time, then take it into account by subtracting it. Bottom line: we have to take into account the shot noise of the sky: N_sky = sqrt( Sky ) Where sky is the number of electrons coming from the sky in the region covered by the object. We define sky as the number of electron per second an per pixel, and n_pix the number of pixels covered by the object (this is the area un der the object, so related to seeing^2 ). With these, we have N_sky = sqrt ( n_pix . s . t ) = sqrt ( n_pix . s . NDIT . DIT ) Dark Noise: Finally, the shot noise also applies to the Dark Current, i.e. the number of electrons that are coming from thermal radiation of the detector itself: Dk = n_pix . dk . t (where dk is the number of electrons per pixel per hour), so the dark shot noise is: N_dk = sqrt( n_pix . dk . t ) = sqrt ( n_pix . dk . NDIT . DIT ) 4.2. Read-out-noise When reading the detector, the amplifier(s) involved add some noise to the signal. This is a characteristic of the chip and of the read-out-mode used. Let RON be the read-out-noise per read-out (one get the noise each time one reads) and per pixel (in electron). The total read out noise is then: N_ron = sqrt( npix . RON^2) = sqrt( n_pix) . RON (all the individual read-out-noises add quadratically). If we read the chip NDIT times, N_ron = sqrt ( n_pix . NDIT ) . RON 4.3. Adding noises and total signal to noise ratio Random, uncorrelated noises (such those described) add quadratically, so, the generic formula for the noise is N_total = sqrt( N^2 + N_sky^2 + N_dark^2 + N_ron^2 ) We can play with the formula, introducing the various definitions, to get the generic formula for the SNR: S/N = S/N_tot = S / sqrt ( S + Sky + Dark + N_ron^2 ) S/N = s.t / sqrt ( s.t + n_pix . sky . t + n_pix . dark . t + n_pix . NDIT . RON^2 ) 5. Special cases -- in practice The generic S/N equation is used in details in the Exposure Time Calculators. However, in practice, it is useful to consider some special cases, to understand the behavior of the instrument, and why one can/should make many short or one long exposure. 5.1.- Bright source Let's first consider the case of a bright star. In that case, the signal of the star is so bright that all the other sources of noises are negligible: we can remove them from the equation: S/N = s.t / sqrt ( s.t ) = sqrt( s . t) More importantly: S/N === sqrt ( t ) ( === means "varies proprortionally to"). Application: bright standard stars in imaging and in spectro. Note that in this case, the problem is usually not to reach a good S/N, but not to saturate the detector. 5.2- Sky Noise Dominated case After this warm up, let's consider a more useful case: a faint star with a bright sky background: sky >> s . The S/N equation becomes: S/N = s.t / sqrt ( n_pix . sky . t) S/N === sqrt ( t ) / sqrt (n_pix) First aspect: if n_pix is smaller, S/N is larger. As n_pix === seeing^2, one sees that good seeing is critical Second aspect: the signal-to-noise increases as the square root of the TOTAL time t = NDIT.DIT. This means that the S/N will not be affected if we take 1 exposure of 3000s or 10 exposures of 300s (as long as each of the individual images is sky-noise dominated). In many cases it IS advantageous to split the exposure time in many exposures. Applications: * broad band images in the visible (typical value: DIT = 300-600s, Sky = 5000adu = 10000 e, RON = 3 e). Taking many images improves the flat field of the final image * low resolution spectro in the visible (EFOSC, FORS, EMMI-RILD...). As soon as the sky reaches a few hundred e, one can split. Advantages: get rid of the cosmic rays. * Infra red imaging: the sky is so high that it would saturate the detector very quickly (few s to few 10s in JHK, few ms in thermal IR). There is no other choice than to split the total exp. with many short DIT. This is not a problem for the final S/N, since we are sky noise dominated Counter applications: This is not the case in high resolutions spectroscopy, or in narrow band imaging, since the sky is then very low. Do not split in short DITs, cf next section. 5.3- Read-out-noise dominated case In case the sky --and the dark-- are very small, they do not dominate in the general S/N equation. There are even cases where they are very small; in that case, the RON dominates: S/N = s.t / sqrt ( n_pix . NDIT . RON^2 ) S/N === 1/sqrt(n_pix) . 1/sqrt(NDIT) First aspect: 1/sqrt(n_pix): there is here a way to cheat. n_pix is the number of pixel read. We can decrease this number by binning the detector (i.e. reading only once for 2x2=4 pixels). There is a gain of sqrt(2x2) = 2 in S/N! Of course, there is a price: one loses some of the resolution: spacial resolution in case of imaging, beware of keeping at least 2 (binned) pix across the seeing) or spectral resolution in case of spectro, beware of keeping at least 2 (binned) pix across one spectral line. Second: 1/sqrt(NDIT): one should keep the NDIT as small as possible, meaning keeping DIT as long as possible. In case of CCDs, the real limit becomes the number of cosmic rays. In practice, DIT_max is about 45min, but in some cases, it is worth making it even longer (e.g. if the observer does not care about cosmic rays). Application: * narrow band imaging (sky = a couple of electrons), typical exposure times can be as long as 1h. * Echelle spectro: the sky light is so much dispersed that it does not count anymore. Keep the exp. time as long as possible. ---oOo---

thought you might find this of interest: Multidimensional filters are used to characterize and separate seismic signal and noise. This separation may be achieved with either simple filtering or by an inversion process that involves solving a system of regressions. The system of regressions describes the expected properties of the noise and signal by using filters and weights. Signal and noise separation by filtering may be done by either f-x prediction or t-x prediction. Both these techniques are prediction-error filters that define the noise as the prediction error. The f-x prediction is shown to be equivalent to a t-x prediction with a very long filter length in time. While filtering is simple, it can produce spurious events and attenuate the amplitude of the signal. A technique that separates signal and noise with an inversion can eliminate these weaknesses of simple filtering. An important issue in signal and noise separation is the removal of high-amplitude noise before filtering or inversion, since high-amplitude noise corrupts the estimation of prediction-error filters and impairs least-squares inversion techniques. To detect automatically these high-amplitude noises, trace-to-trace predictions are examined for large residuals that correspond to bad samples. After the bad samples are eliminated, the inversions are arranged to predict the missing data simultaneously with the signal and noise separation. The missing data may be data that has been removed because of the high-amplitude noise removal, or it may be data missing because it was not recorded. Two general forms of inversion are used. One form requires only a filter that describes the signal. This form of inversion is useful in removing noise that is unpredictable from trace to trace. The other form requires filters that describe both the signal and the noise. This second form allows high-amplitude and coherent noise to be well separated from the signal, but it often requires a more complicated weighting function to properly distribute the data between noise and signal. These techniques are applied to synthetic and real seismic data to demonstrate the weaknesses and strengths of the various approaches. * Introduction o Background o Outline of the thesis + Automatic data editing for high-amplitude noise + Noise removal by filtering + Noise removal by inversion + Noise removal with missing data + Noise removal by characterizing both signal and noise * Data editing o Data continuity assumptions o Algorithm + Editing in one-dimensional data + Editing in two-dimensional data o Examples o Extensions + Two-dimensional extensions + Multi-dimensional extensions + Extensions for earthquake seismology o Conclusions * Inverse theory and statistical signal processing o Background and definitions + Inversion and statistics + Assumptions about the data and the errors + Least-squares solutions to inverse problems + Solving $(\bf{A}^{\dagger} \bf{A})^{-1}$ -- methods and problems + Prediction-error or annihilation filters + An example of calculating a prediction-error filter + Prediction-error filtering in the frequency domain o Inverse Theory for signal and noise separation + Systems describing signal and noise separation + Frequency-wavenumber domain expression of the systems + Incorporating gain into inversion * Multi-dimensional filter design o Filter shapes and dimensionality + Filter dimensionality + Filter shapes o The calculation of a filter + Least-squares methods + Methods of using a filter * Noise removal by filtering o Two-dimensional lateral prediction + Prediction of seismic signals in the t-x domain + Prediction of seismic signals in the f-x domain + The relationship of f-x prediction to t-x prediction + Comparison of two-dimensional f-x and t-x predictions + The biasing of f-x prediction toward the output point + Computer time requirements o Three-dimensional lateral prediction + The three-dimensional extension of t-x prediction + The three-dimensional extension of f-x prediction + Examples of three-dimensional lateral prediction o Conclusions * Spurious event generation with f-x and t-x prediction filtering o F-x prediction expressed as t-x prediction o Spurious event generation with f-x prediction o Wavelet distortion o Discussion o Conclusions * Random noise removal enhanced by inversion o Shortcomings of prediction filtering o Noise estimation by inversion o Improving the signal-prediction filter o Examples + Synthetic data examples + Real data examples o Conclusions * Signal and noise separation with missing data estimation o Missing data prediction with signal and noise separation + Definitions + Inversion for missing data with signal and noise + Initializing the inversion o Results o Conclusions * Noise removal by characterizing both noise and signal: theory o Least-squares separation of signal and noise + Assumptions and definitions + Initial estimates of the calculated noise and signal o Synthetic examples of signal and noise estimations + Solutions with initial estimates of zero + Solutions with non-zero initial estimates o Distribution of events not in the operator null space + Event attenuation by weighting + Examples of event distribution by weighting o Conclusions * Noise removal by characterizing both noise and signal: applications o Amplitude estimation of signal and noise + Least-squares amplitude estimation + Examples of amplitude estimation o Separation by 1-D spectral estimation + 1-D Separation theory + 1-D Separation examples o Separation by 2-D spectral signal estimation + 2-D spectral signal estimation theory + 2-D spectral signal estimation examples o Separation by 2-D signal and noise spectral estimation + 2-D signal and noise estimation theory + 2-D signal and noise estimation examples o Discussion * Conclusions * REFERENCES * About this document ...

I hope you fellas are enjoying yourselves -

I must be seeing double -

news to me - any documentation? does not seem possible -

also, avoid Bob Ackerman -

yeah I know what it is - having a senior moment (or maybe a SENIORS moment) -

1) be aware of the cost of a repad - overhauls have gotten expensive, but I'm not sure what a re-pad costs these days - 2) a dealer I like, who will tell you honestly what it's worth, and might be able to assist you in selling, is Joe Sax, in New Jersey - www.joesax.com/

thanks - strange thing is, it does not come up with a google search -

I can't find a web site and my emails are being kicked back - anybody know?

I've shipped a lot of things, domestically and to Europe - my feeling domestically is that it's my responsibliity to insure and confirm delivery - and if it disappears I re-ship or reimburse. On international shipments, from Ebay, I will always state that it is at buyer's risk; I worry about it and, as Chuck says, there's no way to track or insure - for big company like this, however, which advertises internationally and ships internationally as a matter of policy, they have to guarantee delivery -

just to let everyone know that the sets are on their way - I got a little delayed as I ran out of mailers, but everything has gone out first class -

Linda Lovelace Jimmy Lovelace (drummer?) Courtney Love

interesting period for Byas - he was a bit bitter at not having gotten credit for "modern" developments, and for his influence on people like Coltrane and so trying to play in a more "contemporary" way - there is a real strain in his playing here, as he works hard to sound "boppish," as his time is not quite right, though his ideas are brilliant - I remember seeing him, about this time, on Public TV (he had come back to the states to appear at Newport, I think) - I would love to see that show again, don't know if it still exists.

nobody has mentioned the pre-Basie Moten band, which is incredible - starts late 1920s - pay attention to the early arranging work of Eddie Durham, one of the first great modern arrangers - the Moten band is spectacular - I also think that the idea of the old Basie band as primarily a "head arrangement" band is overstated - listen to those pieces, many of which are clearly arranged in detail -