No, there is not. Once those samples are converted back into the analog domain, there is no difference if the sample rate is high enough. And for 99.9% of music, 44.1kHz is high enough. Just to re-iterate, that's 44,100 samples per second. The human brain is simply not capable of differentiating those individual samples. All higher sample rates do is raise the Nyquist limit to sample higher frequencies above human hearing. Whether this matters or not is subjective.
I remain as skeptical of accepting what the brain "can't do" as I am of what the brain "could do". It's like here, I have a brain, this is all I can measure it doing, so that's gotta be all it really is doing. Just as I don't want some trippo telling me my brain can make me grow wings to fly, I don't want no dullo telling me hey, this is all you can hear, so this all we're going to give you.
There's a really simple way to solve the issue of what you personally can or cannot hear. You can do an ABX test. There is software available that allows you to do it yourself. You can load a hi-res mp3 version of a piece of music and a 24/96kHz wav file of that same music and see if you can reliably hear the difference while not knowing which is which. If you get better than 50%, then congratulations! http://theproaudiofiles.com/audio-perception-and-abx-testing/
Otherwise, without testing, you don't know.
I do love the sound of tape for most things. But these days you can get that slurred transient, harmonic distortion, high-noise floor, magnetically compressed sound if you want with the simple addition of a plug-in. It really is incredible.
And BTW, the engineers behind analog gear are guilty of the same imposition on the frequency range of their devices. So they are, essentially, telling you what you can hear as well. Just look at the RIAA curve on vinyl to see how engineers decided what constituted a nice compromise between fidelity and the amount of music you can fit on one side of a vinyl record.