I've got a green-label Atlantic original stereo pressing (don't anybody get all ga-ga, I found it in a dusty mom-and-pop back in the 70s). To get to the original gist of the question - did Rudy have a stereo recorder in 1956?
That Tom Dowd documentary was on the Sundance channel this morning, and in it. Dowd talks about how Atlantic was recording in/with true stereo before anybody else. I find that claim hard to accept at face value, but not as a generalized statement.
Is it possible that Rudy engineered this session at the Atlantic studios, perhaps to get a taste of using a stereo machine, or something like that? Purely speculation, to be sure.
Also - my cover has the stereo designation seemingly stamped into the cover in yellow ink. It's obviously an Atlantic-designed logo and such, so is this the method that Atlantic used on their covers early on to designate stereo pressings?
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Rudy told me his first stereo date for BN was the Sabu date. He said he'd been experimenting with the stereo gear on other companies dates but wanted it to be "beyond experimental" before he gave it to Alfred. He said it was "usual" to try out new equipment/techniques on others before introducing them to Lion.
In one of the online interviews with RVG he mentions at least one session for Atlantic when Dowd hauled new stereo gear to Hackensack and they ran parallel recordings. So - maybe the mono is Rudy and the stereo is Dowd.
FWIW, all the early Atlantic stereos had the "embossed" stereo designation - some yellow, some black and I seem to remember blue, green and red too.