(I've not looked the answers of the others, I just give my impressions and propositions... 
 
#1 : A composition of Serge Gainsbourg composed c. 1958. Roger Guérin is the trumpet player. Gainsbourg was really a fantastic composer... A true lover of modern jazz. 
 
#2 : free-jazz? I don't know very well free-jazz. Great (US black?) sax player, interesting pianist, strong rhythm section. I suppose at least one of the musicians appears on your photos of the last Wax Poetics ?  
 
#3 : I love the double bass. The theme is familiar but I can't say more. The influence of the Bill Evans' works is evident. 
 
#4 : free-jazz again... big band... must be great to see live. 
 
#5 : I don't know why, the sax makes me think to Barney Wilen. The kind of jazz I'm fond of. 
 
#6 : the second sax is in the vein of Paul Desmond. Really nice band. 
 
#7 :the first notes I was thinking to Johnny Halliday "Les portes du pénitencier"! A nightmare! And then the trumpet player like the one on "Armstrong", the song of Claude Nougaro. Familiar but I can't say more. 
 
#8 : quiet tenor sax, in the vein of Lester Young but it is not him. 
 
#9 : Serge Gainsbourg again, "Quand mon 6-35 me fait les yeux doux". Arrangements of Claude Bolling ? I habe this album somewhere. 
 
#10 : I guess Jean-Claude Fohrenbach. 
 
#11 : the melody line at the beginning is exciting and the piano who follows immediately, amazing! Great players, nervous drummer. 
 
#12 : like Diana Krall at the very first. But she sings better than Krall. 
 
#13 : Yeah! Yé-yé! The guitarist could be Jimmy Gourley, but why there? the association tenor sax-guitar is quite good. Barney Wilen on sax ? 
 
#14 : it sounds as a mid-50s european band. Just an impression. Just swingin'. The sound of the (hammond?) is horrible... 
 
#15 : I'm sure I've already heard the leader somewhere, I can't find his name. I'm near sure that he played in France, but I'm not able to throw a name for the moment. 
 
#16 : Gainsbourg again, quelle classe!... 
 
Merci beaucoup Guy for this nice blindtest, I'm awaiting the answers with impatience!