The Charles Prestige dates from the early 50's indeed anticipate several developments in jazz that would not be accepted, if they ever were, in the mainstream until the end of the decade and into the 60's. For instance, COLLABORATION WEST has some early "modal" structures on it -- "Margo" is a lovely ballad -- and either "Further Out" or "Etudiez le Cahier" is a serial composition. The important figure in the background of this record is California composer / educator Wesley La Violette, whose other pupils included Jimmy Giuffre and Martin Denny.
Charles could also flat-out blow, as the Bethlehem date or the date with the two Bookers (Ervin and LIttle) proves. Check him out, too, on this session (with Sonny Clark, Frank Morgan, and Larance Marable):