I have not yet read anything by Chabon or Lethem, never heard the names of Goldberg and Cooper, but I loved Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior... although some time after having read it ("Everything is illuminated", that is), I had some doubts about how good it actually is... sure, it's "brilliant", and his use of language indeed is creative and often hilariously funny, but still... the worst criticism about that book that I heard (and from a person for whom I have much esteem) was that Foer was some kid who knew how to use google and was good as pasting things together... I am not absolutely certain that this criticism is totally off the point.
I don't really follow the US/UK book market, but some authors are being discussed in some Swiss and German newspapers... usually, though, only once their books are out in German, which is when I start looking for the english editions... I also read "Corrections" - terrific! Would he fit into that group of younger writers, too?
Oh, and one of the better books I've read just for fun (most of the stuff I read is for University and not always all that funny...) was E.L. Doctorow's "City of God".
Myla Goldberg: Bee Season (much better than her 2nd novel).
T. Cooper: Lipshitz Six or 2 Angry Blondes
Michael Chabon: The Amazing Adventures Of Kavalier & Clay
Jonathan Lethem: Fortress Of Solitude & Motherless Brooklyn
Foer has his share of critics, but I've liked both of the novels I've read.
Strauss also has a novel titled Man Walks Into A Room that is well worth reading.
Corrections is Franzen's best writing (IMHO).
You might also like Sigrid Nunez: The Last Of Her Kind.